Risk factors for ALL include:. ALL may be diagnosed with blood tests and a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, which involve extracting a sample of bone marrow and a tiny piece of bone, then studying the cells under a microscope. Acute myeloid leukemia AML , also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, is a fast-growing form of cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
Some symptoms may resemble the flu—such as fever, fatigue and night sweats. Others include easy bruising or bleeding and weight loss. Blood tests and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are among the tests that may be done to diagnose this cancer. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL is a typically slow-growing cancer that begins in lymphocytes in the bone marrow and extends into the blood.
It may also spread to lymph nodes and organs such as the liver and spleen. CLL develops when too many abnormal lymphocytes grow, crowding out normal blood cells and making it difficult for the body to fight infection.
When it does cause symptoms, these may include swelling in the lymph nodes neck, underarm, stomach or groin , fatigue, fever, infection, weight loss and more. Various blood tests may be used to help diagnose CLL. CLL may not need to be treated immediately, but rather monitored for any problems and changes, at which point the need for treatment may be reassessed.
Common treatment options include:. Chronic myeloid leukemia CML , also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia, begins in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and then, over time, spreads to the blood. Eventually, the disease spreads to other areas of the body. CML is slow-growing, but once it starts causing symptoms, these may include fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. Around half of CML cases are diagnosed by a blood test before symptoms have begun.
Among the many different types of leukemia, some are less common than others. Three rarer leukemia types—prolymphocytic leukemia PLL , large granular lymphocyte leukemia LGL and hairy cell leukemia HCL —share some of the same characteristics as lymphocytic leukemias and are sometimes considered subtypes of chronic or acute lymphocytic leukemia CLL and ALL. Myelodysplastic syndromes are conditions related to leukemia that are also rare.
If it causes symptoms, they may be similar to other types of leukemia flu-like symptoms, easy bruising, unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis may include blood tests as well as bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. However, relapse is common. Large granular lymphocytic LGL leukemia is a chronic type of leukemia that causes the body to produce abnormally large lymphocytes.
Doctors categorize leukemia based on which type of white blood cell is involved — lymphocytes or myeloid cells — and whether the illness is developing very quickly acute disease or slowly over time chronic disease. Lymphocytic leukemias develop from cells that give rise to T lymphocytes T cells , B lymphocytes B cells , or natural killer NK cells. Each of these cell types has a specialized role in the immune system; some produce antibodies, whereas others directly fight or direct other immune cells to fight infections.
Read more about leukemia in children. Myeloid leukemias develop from cells that give rise to white blood cells called granulocytes and monocytes. Granulocytes get their name from the enzyme-packed granules they carry inside them. They release these enzymes when encountering invading bacteria or fungi. Monocytes eventually become macrophages, which engulf and destroy bacteria and fungi. In acute leukemias, which develop rapidly, the malignant cells called blasts are immature and incapable of performing their immune system functions.
Chronic leukemias develop in more-mature cells, which can perform some of their duties — but not very well. These abnormal cells usually multiply at a slower rate than acute leukemias. Of the four common types of leukemia in adults, acute myeloid leukemia AML and chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL occur most frequently.
So you may hear this type of leukaemia called chronic granulocytic leukaemia or CGL. There is a third type of chronic leukaemia called hairy cell leukaemia. The leukaemia cells have bits that stick out of the cell surface and look like hairs. These can be seen under a microscope and give this type of leukaemia its name. Your GP will ask you about your symptoms and might arrange an urgent blood test or refer you to a specialist. CML is divided into 3 phases: chronic, accelerated and blast.
Knowing the phase helps your doctor decide which treatment you need. Your treatment depends on the phase of your leukaemia, your general health, your age and level of fitness. CML starts in the white blood cells called granulocytes. It often develops slowly and treatment can keep it under control for many years. Find out more. About Cancer generously supported by Dangoor Education since
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