Once the invoice is paid we will ship out your order promptly. One-time purchase. Buy Multiple Bottles and Save! Ordering from Canada? Order by Email Send us an email at support doublewoodsupplements. No valid clinical evidence supports the use of citicoline for any of the conditions in this section. Below is a summary of up-to-date animal studies, cell-based research, or low-quality clinical trials which should spark further investigation.
Oxidative stress, autoimmune response, and environmental toxins can inflict severe brain cell damage. This is an important finding as APOE-e4 carriers respond differently often worse to various interventions [ 48 , 50 ]. As a result, the rats suffered less cognitive impairment, and their memory improved [ 53 ]. It also boosted the effects of standard treatment [ 54 , 55 ]. Inflammatory destruction of outer nerve sheet, myelin, can trigger multiple sclerosis with severe physical and cognitive impairments.
In animals with multiple sclerosis, scientists observed the potential of citicoline to enhance myelin recovery and movement coordination [ 56 , 57 ]. The addition of citicoline to an antidepressant drug citalopram improved depression symptoms and recovery in a study with 50 patients [ 58 ]. In rats, CDP-choline raised noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin levels in the brain centers for memory, emotions, and movement [ 59 , 60 ].
In another study of 31 meth addicts, citicoline protected the brain and reduced drug use [ 61 , 62 ]. However, it produced no effects in a trial of 20 heavy cocaine users [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. A review of nine trials concluded that citicoline may provide mild benefits for substance addiction, especially cocaine, but underlined the need for stronger clinical evidence [ 66 ].
Citicoline boosted the effects of standard treatment in 66 patients with schizophrenia. These are especially hard to treat with conventional drugs [ 67 ].
In 24 healthy adults, CDP-choline enhanced cognition by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are often underactive in schizophrenia [ 26 ].
This list does not cover all possible side effects. Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you notice any other side effects. In Canada, you may report side effects to Health Canada at Many clinical trials with citicoline have confirmed its safety. In rare cases, it may cause mild digestive and nerve issues [ 18 , 31 , 25 , 47 , 61 , 10 , 37 ].
Long term use of high doses raised creatinine levels and kidney mineralization , likely due to its phosphorus content [ 68 ]. In another study on rats, citicoline increased the blood levels of ACTH , which stimulates the production of the stress hormone, cortisol.
Children, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women should avoid citicoline until we know more about its safety in these sensitive groups.
The below doses may not apply to you personally. If your doctor suggests using citicoline, work with them to find the optimal dosage according to your health condition and other factors. Most eye diseases responded to , mg of citicoline and the treatments lasted for months. For glaucoma, 3 eye drops daily for 4 months were also efficient [ 37 , 46 , 42 , 39 , 40 ]. Citicoline supplements have not been approved by the FDA for medical use. Speak with your doctor before supplementing.
CDP-choline activates the biosynthesis of structural phospholipids in the neuronal membranes, increases cerebral metabolism and acts on the levels of various neurotransmitters. Due to these pharmacological activities, CDP-choline has a neuroprotective effect in situations of hypoxia and ischemia, as well as improved learning and memory performance in animal models of brain aging.
CDP-choline is a safe drug, as toxicological tests have shown; it has no serious effects on the cholinergic system and it is perfectly tolerated. These pharmacological characteristics, combined with CDP-choline's mechanisms of action, suggest that this drug may be suitable for the treatment of cerebral vascular disease, head trauma of varying severity and cognitive disorders of diverse etiology. Regardless of which one you decide to take on a regular basis, the research suggests that your brain-development, memory, and overall cognition will see great benefits.
A study which tested people with both Alpha GPC and CDP Choline found both to work well at improving cognition, but concluded that " Alpha-GPC possessed a statistical higher efficacy and an overall more satisfactory activity. Uridine Monophosphate — Choline synergizes with Uridine to improve the production of neuron cell membranes and improve attention spans Numico Research B. Caffeine — Caffeine " significantly " increases Acetylcholine production. It does this by improving our ability to absorb Choline.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Massachusetts Institute of Technology — Trabucchi M. Numico Research B. Search 0 Cart.
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